I-Mycoplasma pneumoniae yintsholongwane encinci ephakathi kweebhaktheriya neentsholongwane; ayinaludonga lweseli kodwa ine-membrane yeseli, kwaye inokuzala ngokwayo okanye ihlasele kwaye isasazeke ngaphakathi kweeseli ezihlala kuyo. I-genome ye-Mycoplasma pneumoniae incinci, ine-genes ezimalunga ne-1,000 kuphela. I-Mycoplasma pneumoniae inokuguquguquka kakhulu kwaye inokuziqhelanisa neendawo ezahlukeneyo kunye neehostels ngokusebenzisa i-genetic recombination okanye i-mutation. I-Mycoplasma pneumoniae ilawulwa kakhulu kukusetyenziswa kwee-antibiotics ze-macrolide, ezifana ne-azithromycin, i-erythromycin, i-clarithromycin, njl. Kwizigulane ezinganyangekiyo kula mayeza, ii-tetracyclines ezintsha okanye ii-quinolones zingasetyenziswa.
Kutshanje, iKhomishini yezeMpilo yeSizwe ibibambe ingqungquthela yabezindaba malunga nokuthintela nokulawula izifo zokuphefumla ebusika, yazisa ngokuxhaphaka kwezifo zokuphefumla kunye namanyathelo okuthintela ebusika eTshayina, yaza yaphendula imibuzo evela kumajelo eendaba. Kule ngqungquthela, iingcali zithe okwangoku, iTshayina ingene kwixesha lokwanda kwezifo zokuphefumla, kwaye iintlobo ngeentlobo zezifo zokuphefumla zidibene kwaye zibekwe ngaphezulu, nto leyo ebeka umngcipheko kwimpilo yabantu. Izifo zokuphefumla zibhekisa ekuvuvukeni kwenwebu yendlela yokuphefumla ebangelwa lusulelo lwe-pathogen okanye ezinye izinto, kubandakanya usulelo lwendlela yokuphefumla ephezulu, i-pneumonia, i-bronchitis, i-asthma njalo njalo. Ngokwedatha yokubeka esweni yeKhomishini yezeMpilo yeSizwe kunye nezeMpilo, izifo zokuphefumla eTshayina zilawulwa kakhulu ziintsholongwane zomkhuhlane, ukongeza ekusasazweni kwezinye izifo kumaqela ahlukeneyo eminyaka, umzekelo, kukwakho neentsholongwane zerhino ezibangela umkhuhlane kubantwana abaneminyaka eli-1-4 ubudala; Kubantu abaneminyaka emi-5 ukuya kweli-14 ubudala, usulelo lweMycoplasma kunye nee-adenovirus ezibangela umkhuhlane oqhelekileyo zinenani elithile labantu; kwiqela leminyaka eli-15 ukuya kweli-59 ubudala, ii-rhinoviruses kunye nee-neocoronaviruses zinokubonwa; kwaye kwiqela leminyaka engama-60 nangaphezulu, kukho inani elikhulu le-parapneumovirus yabantu kunye ne-common coronavirus.
Iintsholongwane zomkhuhlane ziintsholongwane ze-RNA ezinemicu emihle, eziza kwiintlobo ezintathu, uhlobo A, uhlobo B kunye nohlobo C. Iintsholongwane zomkhuhlane A zinomlinganiselo ophezulu wokuguquguquka kwaye zinokukhokelela kubhubhane womkhuhlane. I-genome yentsholongwane yomkhuhlane ineenxalenye ezisibhozo, nganye kuzo iqulethe iproteni enye okanye ezingaphezulu. Iintsholongwane zomkhuhlane ziyaguquka ngeendlela ezimbini eziphambili, enye kukushukuma kwe-antigenic, apho utshintsho lwenzeka kwiijini zentsholongwane, okubangela utshintsho lwe-antigenic kwi-hemagglutinin (HA) kunye ne-neuraminidase (NA) kumphezulu wentsholongwane; enye kukulungiswa kwakhona kwe-antigenic, apho usulelo ngaxeshanye lwee-subtypes ezahlukeneyo zeentsholongwane zomkhuhlane kwiseli enye yomninimzi lukhokelela ekuhlanganisweni kwakhona kwe-subtypes ze-virus gene, okubangela ukwakheka kwe-subtypes ezintsha. Iintsholongwane zomkhuhlane zilawulwa kakhulu ngokusebenzisa izithinteli ze-neuraminidase, ezifana ne-oseltamivir kunye ne-zanamivir, kwaye kwizigulana ezigula kakhulu, unyango oluxhasayo oluneempawu kunye nonyango lweengxaki nazo ziyafuneka.
I-Neocoronavirus yintsholongwane ye-RNA ene-strand enye ene-positive-sense stranded ephuma kusapho lweCoronaviridae, eneentsapho ezine ezincinci, ezizezi: α, β, γ, kunye ne-δ. Iintsapho ezincinci: α kunye ne-β zihlasela kakhulu izilwanyana ezincancisayo, ngelixa iintsapho ezincinci: γ kunye ne-δ zihlasela kakhulu iintaka. I-genome ye-neocoronavirus inesakhelo sokufunda esivulekileyo esineenkcukacha ezili-16 ezingezizo izakhiwo kunye neeproteni ezine zesakhiwo, ezizezi: i-membrane protein (M), i-hemagglutinin (S), i-nucleoprotein (N) kunye neproteni ye-enzyme (E). Utshintsho lweeNeocoronavirus lubangelwa kakhulu ziimpazamo ekuphindaphindweni kwegciwane okanye ukufakwa kwezakhi zofuzo zangaphandle, okukhokelela kutshintsho kulandelelwano lwezakhi zofuzo zegciwane, oluchaphazela ukusasazeka kwegciwane, ukugula kunye nokukwazi ukuphuma emzimbeni. IiNeocoronavirus zilawulwa ikakhulu ngokusebenzisa amayeza okulwa neentsholongwane anjenge-ridecivir kunye ne-lopinavir/ritonavir, kwaye kwiimeko ezinzima, unyango oluxhasayo oluneempawu kunye nonyango lweengxaki nazo ziyafuneka.
Iindlela eziphambili zokulawula izifo zokuphefumla zezi zilandelayo:
Ukugonywa. Ukugonywa yeyona ndlela isebenzayo yokuthintela izifo ezosulelayo kwaye kunokukhuthaza umzimba ukuba uvelise amandla okuzikhusela kwiintsholongwane. Okwangoku, iTshayina ineentlobo ngeentlobo zokugonywa kwezifo zokuphefumla, ezifana nokugonywa komkhuhlane, ukugonywa kwesithsaba esitsha, ukugonywa kwe-pneumococcal, ukugonywa kwe-pertussis, njl. Kucetyiswa ukuba abantu abafanelekileyo bagonywe ngexesha elifanelekileyo, ngakumbi abantu abadala, izigulane ezinezifo ezingaphantsi, abantwana kunye nabanye abantu ababalulekileyo.
Gcina imikhwa emihle yococeko lomntu. Izifo zokuphefumla zisasazeka ikakhulu ngamathontsi kunye nokudibana, ngoko ke kubalulekile ukunciphisa ukusasazeka kwezifo ngokuhlamba izandla zakho rhoqo, ugqume umlomo wakho nempumlo ngethishu okanye ngengqiniba xa ukhohlela okanye uthimla, ungatshici, kwaye ungabelani ngezixhobo.
Ziphephe iindawo ezixineneyo nezingenamoya ucocekileyo. Iindawo ezixineneyo nezingenamoya ucocekileyo ziindawo ezinobungozi kakhulu kwizifo zokuphefumla kwaye zinosulelo olusasazekayo lwezifo ezibangelwa ziintsholongwane. Ke ngoko, kubalulekile ukunciphisa ukutyelela ezi ndawo, kwaye ukuba kufuneka uye, nxiba imaski kwaye ugcine umgama othile ukuze uphephe ukunxibelelana nabanye abantu.
Ukuphucula ukumelana komzimba. Ukumelana komzimba yindlela yokuqala yokuzikhusela kwizifo ezibangelwa ziintsholongwane. Kubalulekile ukuphucula amandla omzimba okuzikhusela kunye nokunciphisa umngcipheko wokosuleleka ngokutya ukutya okunengqiqo, ukuzilolonga okulinganiselweyo, ukulala ngokwaneleyo, kunye nesimo sengqondo esihle.
Nikela ingqalelo ukuze uhlale ufudumele. Amaqondo obushushu asebusika aphantsi, kwaye ukuvuselelwa kokubanda kunokukhokelela ekwehleni komsebenzi wokuzikhusela komzimba kwi-mucosa yokuphefumla, okwenza kube lula ukuba iintsholongwane zingene. Ke ngoko, nika ingqalelo ukuze uhlale ufudumele, nxiba impahla efanelekileyo, uphephe umkhuhlane kunye nomkhuhlane, ulungise ubushushu kunye nokufuma kwangaphakathi ngexesha elifanelekileyo, kwaye ugcine umoya ungena ngaphakathi.
Funa uncedo lwezonyango ngexesha elifanelekileyo. Ukuba kuvela iimpawu zezifo zokuphefumla ezifana nomkhuhlane, ukukhwehlela, umphimbo obuhlungu kunye nobunzima bokuphefumla, kufuneka uye kwiziko lezonyango eliqhelekileyo ngexesha, uxilonge kwaye unyange isifo ngokwemiyalelo kagqirha, kwaye ungazithathi amayeza wedwa okanye ulibazise ukufuna uncedo lwezonyango. Kwangaxeshanye, kufuneka wazise ugqirha wakho ngenyaniso ngembali yakho ye-epidemiological kunye nokuvezwa, kwaye usebenzisane naye kuphando lwe-epidemiological kunye ne-epidemiological to prevent the spread of the disease.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Disemba-15-2023